Hyperledger is an umbrella project of open source blockchains and related tools, started in December 2015 by the Linux Foundation, and supported by big industry players like IBM, Intel and SAP Ariba, to support the collaborative development of blockchain-based distributed ledgers.
Ethereum is an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform and operating system featuring smart contract functionality. It supports a modified version of Nakamoto consensus via transaction-based state transitions. Ether is a token whose blockchain is generated by the Ethereum platform.
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a form of electronic cash. It is a decentralized digital currency without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries.
Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Python has a design philosophy that emphasises code readability, and straight forward syntax. It provides constructs that enable clear programming on both small and large scales.
Go is designed at Google in 2007 in order to improve programming productivity in an era of multicore, networked machines and large codebases. The designers of Go wanted to address criticism of other languages in use at Google, but keep their useful characteristics.
C++ is a general-purpose programming language that was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C language, or "C with Classes". It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation.
Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. The compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.